.. < chapter xli 9  MOBY DICK >


     I, Ishmael, was one of that crew; my shouts

had gone up with the rest; my oath had been welded with theirs; and

stronger I shouted, and more did I hammer and clinch my oath, because of the

dread in my soul.  A wild, mystical, sympathetical feeling was in me; Ahab's

quenchless feud seemed mine.  With greedy ears I learned the history of that

murderous monster against whom I and all the others had taken our oaths of

violence and revenge.  For some time past, though at intervals only, the

unaccompanied, secluded White Whale had haunted those uncivilized seas mostly

frequented by the Sperm Whale fishermen.  But not all of them knew of his

existence; only a few of them, comparatively, had knowingly seen him; while

the number who as yet had actually and knowingly given battle to him, was

small indeed.  For, owing to the large number of whale-cruisers; the

disorderly way they were sprinkled over the entire watery circumference,

many of them adventurously pushing their quest along solitary latitudes, so

as seldom or never for a whole twelvemonth or more on a stretch, to encounter

a single news-telling sail of any sort; the inordinate length of each

separate voyage; the irregularity of the times of sailing from home; all

these, with other circumstances, direct and indirect, long obstructed

.. <p 176 >

the spread through the whole world-wide whaling-fleet of the special

individualizing tidings concerning Moby Dick.  It was hardly to be doubted,

that several vessels reported to have encountered, at such or such a time, or

on such or such a meridian, a Sperm Whale of uncommon magnitude and

malignity, which whale, after doing great mischief to his assailants, had

completely escaped them; to some minds it was not an unfair presumption, I

say, that the whale in question must have been no other than moby Dick.  Yet

as of late the Sperm Whale fishery had been marked by various and not

unfrequent instances of great ferocity, cunning, and malice in the monster

attacked; therefore it was, that those who by accident ignorantly gave

battle to Moby Dick; such hunters, perhaps, for the most part, were content

to ascribe the peculiar terror he bred, more, as it were, to the perils of

the Sperm Whale fishery at large, than to the individual cause.  In that way,

mostly, the disastrous encounter between Ahab and the whale had hitherto been

popularly regarded.  And as for those who, previously hearing of the White

Whale, by chance caught sight of him; in the beginning of the thing they had

every one of them, almost, as boldly and fearlessly lowered for him, as for

any other whale of that species.  But at length, such calamities did ensue in

these assaults --not restricted to sprained wrists and ancles, broken limbs,

or devouring amputations --but fatal to the last degree of fatality; those

repeated disastrous repulses, all accumulating and piling their terrors upon

Moby Dick; those things had gone far to shake the fortitude of many brave

hunters, to whom the story of the White Whale had eventually come.  Nor did

wild rumors of all sorts fail to exaggerate, and still the more horrify the

true histories of these deadly encounters.  For not only do fabulous rumors

naturally grow out of the very body of all surprising terrible events, --as the

smitten tree gives birth to its fungi; but, in maritime life, far more than

in that of terra firma, wild rumors abound, wherever there is any adequate

reality for them to cling to.  And as the sea surpasses the land in this

matter, so the whale fishery surpasses every other sort of maritime life, in

the wonderfulness and fearfulness of the

.. <p 177 >

rumors which sometimes circulate there.  For not only are whalemen as a body

unexempt from that ignorance and superstitiousness hereditary to all sailors;

but of all sailors, they are by all odds the most directly brought into

contact with whatever is appallingly astonishing in the sea; face to face

they not only eye its greatest marvels, but, hand to jaw, give battle to

them.  Alone, in such remotest waters, that though you sailed a thousand

miles, and passed a thousand shores, you would not come to any chiselled

hearthstone, or aught hospitable beneath that part of the sun; in such

latitudes and longitudes, pursuing too such a calling as he does, the whaleman

is wrapped by influences all tending to make his fancy pregnant with many a

mighty birth.  No wonder, then, that ever gathering volume from the mere

transit over the widest watery spaces, the outblown rumors of the White Whale

did in the end incorporate with themselves all manner of morbid hints, and

half-formed foetal suggestions of supernatural agencies, which eventually

invested Moby Dick with new terrors unborrowed from anything that visibly

appears.  So that in many cases such a panic did he finally strike, that few

who by those rumors, at least, had heard of the White Whale, few of those

hunters were willing to encounter the perils of his jaw.  But there were still

other and more vital practical influences at work.  Not even at the present

day has the original prestige of the Sperm Whale, as fearfully distinguished

from all other species of the leviathan, died out of the minds of the whalemen


     as a body.  There are those this day among them, who, though intelligent and

courageous enough in offering battle to the Greenland or Right whale, would

perhaps --either from professional inexperience, or incompetency, or timidity,

decline a contest with the Sperm Whale; at any rate, there are plenty of

whalemen, especially among those whaling nations not sailing under the

American flag, who have never hostilely encountered the Sperm Whale, but

whose sole knowledge of the leviathan is restricted to the ignoble monster

primitively pursued in the North; seated on their hatches, these men will

hearken with a childish fire-side interest and awe, to the wild, strange

tales of

.. <p 178 >

Southern whaling.  Nor is the pre-eminent tremendousness of the great Sperm

Whale anywhere more feelingly comprehended, than on board of those prows which

stem him.  And as if the now tested reality of his might had in former

legendary times thrown its shadow before it; we find some book naturalists

--Olassen and Povelson --declaring the Sperm Whale not only to be a

consternation to every other creature in the sea, but also to be so incredibly

ferocious as continually to be athirst for human blood.  Nor even down to so

late a time as Cuvier's, were these or almost similar impressions effaced.

For in his Natural History, the Baron himself affirms that at sight of the

Sperm Whale, all fish (sharks included) are struck with the most lively

terrors, and often in the precipitancy of their flight dash themselves

against the rocks with such violence as to cause instantaneous death.  And

however the general experiences in the fishery may amend such reports as

these; yet in their full terribleness, even to the bloodthirsty item of

Povelson, the superstitious belief in them is, in some vicissitudes of their

vocation, revived in the minds of the hunters.  So that overawed by the rumors

and portents concerning him, not a few of the fishermen recalled, in reference

to Moby Dick, the earlier days of the Sperm Whale fishery, when it was

oftentimes hard to induce long practised Right whalemen to embark in the

perils of this new and daring warfare; such men protesting that although

other leviathans might be hopefully pursued, yet to chase and point lance at

such an apparition as the Sperm Whale was not for mortal man.  That to attempt

it, would be inevitably to be torn into a quick eternity.  on this head, there


     are some remarkable documents that may be consulted.  Nevertheless, some there

were, who even in the face of these things were ready to give chase to Moby

Dick; and a still greater number who, chancing only to hear of him distantly

and vaguely, without the specific details of any certain calamity, and

without superstitious accompaniments, were sufficiently hardy not to flee

from the battle if offered.  One of the wild suggestings referred to, as at

last coming to be linked with the White Whale in the minds of the

superstitiously inclined, was the unearthly conceit that Moby Dick was

.. <p 179 >

ubiquitous; that he had actually been encountered in opposite latitudes at

one and the same instant of time.  Nor, credulous as such minds must have been,

was this conceit altogether without some faint show of superstitious

probability.  For as the secrets of the currents in the seas have never yet

been divulged, even to the most erudite research; so the hidden ways of the

Sperm Whale when beneath the surface remain, in great part, unaccountable to

his pursuers; and from time to time have originated the most curious and

contradictory speculations regarding them, especially concerning the mystic

modes whereby, after sounding to a great depth, he transports himself with

such vast swiftness to the most widely distant points.  It is a thing well

known to both American and English whale-ships, and as well a thing placed

upon authoritative record years ago by Scoresby, that some whales have been

captured far north in the Pacific, in whose bodies have been found the barbs

of harpoons darted in the Greenland seas.  Nor is it to be gainsaid, that in

some of these instances it has been declared that the interval of time between

the two assaults could not have exceeded very many days.  Hence, by inference,

it has been believed by some whalemen, that the nor' west passage, so long a

problem to man, was never a problem to the whale.  So that here, in the real

living experience of living men, the prodigies related in old times of the

inland Strello mountain in Portugal (near whose top there was said to be a

lake in which the wrecks of ships floated up to the surface); and that still

more wonderful story of the Arethusa fountain near Syracuse (whose waters

were believed to have come from the Holy Land by an underground passage);

these fabulous narrations are almost fully equalled by the realities of the

whaleman.  Forced into familiarity, then, with such prodigies as these; and

knowing that after repeated, intrepid assaults, the White Whale had escaped

alive; it cannot be much matter of surprise that some whalemen should go

still further in their superstitions; declaring Moby Dick not only ubiquitous,

but immortal (for immortality is but ubiquity in time); that though groves

of spears should be planted in his flanks, he would still swim away unharmed;


     or if indeed he should ever be made to spout thick

.. <p 180 >

blood, such a sight would be but a ghastly deception; for again in

unensanguined billows hundreds of leagues away, his unsullied jet would once

more be seen.  But even stripped of these supernatural surmisings, there was

enough in the earthly make and incontestable character of the monster to

strike the imagination with unwonted power.  For, it was not so much his

uncommon bulk that so much distinguished him from other sperm whales, but, as

was elsewhere thrown out --a peculiar snow-white wrinkled forehead, and a

high, pyramidical white hump.  These were his prominent features; the tokens

whereby, even in the limitless, uncharted seas, he revealed his identity, at

a long distance, to those who knew him.  The rest of his body was so streaked,

and spotted, and marbled with the same shrouded hue, that, in the end, he had


     gained his distinctive appellation of the white Whale; a name, indeed,

literally justified by his vivid aspect, when seen gliding at high noon

through a dark blue sea, leaving a milky-way wake of creamy foam, all

spangled with golden gleamings.  Nor was it his unwonted magnitude, nor his

remarkable hue, nor yet his deformed lower jaw, that so much invested the

whale with natural terror, as that unexampled, intelligent malignity which,

according to specific accounts, he had over and over again evinced in his

assaults.  More than all, his treacherous retreats struck more of dismay than

perhaps aught else.  For, when swimming before his exulting pursuers, with

every apparent symptom of alarm, he had several times been known to turn

around suddenly, and, bearing down upon them, either stave their boats to

splinters, or drive them back in consternation to their ship.  Already several

fatalities had attended his chase.  But though similar disasters, however

little bruited ashore, were by no means unusual in the fishery; yet, in most

instances, such seemed the White Whale's infernal aforethought of ferocity,

that every dismembering or death that he caused, was not wholly regarded as

having been inflicted by an unintelligent agent.  Judge, then, to what pitches

of inflamed, distracted fury the

.. <p 181 >

minds of his more desperate hunters were impelled, when amid the chips of

chewed boats, and the sinking limbs of torn comrades, they swam out of the

white curds of the whale's direful wrath into the serene, exasperating

sunlight, that smiled on, as if at a birth or a bridal.  His three boats stove

around him, and oars and men both whirling in the eddies; one captain,

seizing the line-knife from his broken prow, had dashed at the whale, as an

Arkansas duellist at his foe, blindly seeking with a six inch blade to reach

the fathom-deep life of the whale.  That captain was Ahab.  And then it was,

that suddenly sweeping his sickle-shaped lower jaw beneath him, Moby Dick had

reaped away ahab's leg, as a mower a blade of grass in the field.  No turbaned

Turk, no hired Venetian or Malay, could have smote him with more seeming

malice.  Small reason was there to doubt, then, that ever since that almost

fatal encounter, Ahab had cherished a wild vindictiveness against the whale,

all the more fell for that in his frantic morbidness he at last came to

identify with him, not only all his bodily woes, but all his intellectual and

spiritual exasperations.  The White Whale swam before him as the monomaniac

incarnation of all those malicious agencies which some deep men feel eating in

them, till they are left living on with half a heart and half a lung.  That

intangible malignity which has been from the beginning; to whose dominion

even the modern Christians ascribe one-half of the worlds; which the ancient

Ophites of the east reverenced in their statue devil; -- Ahab did not fall down

and worship it like them; but deliriously transferring its idea to the

abhorred white whale, he pitted himself, all mutilated, against it.  All that

most maddens and torments; all that stirs up the lees of things; all truth

with malice in it; all that cracks the sinews and cakes the brain; all the

subtle demonisms of life and thought; all evil, to crazy Ahab, were visibly

personified, and made practically assailable in Moby Dick.  He piled upon the

whale's white hump the sum of all the general rage and hate felt by his whole

race from Adam down; and then, as if his chest had been a mortar, he burst

his hot heart's shell upon it.

.. <p 182 >

It is not probable that this monomania in him took its instant rise at the

precise time of his bodily dismemberment.  Then, in darting at the monster,

knife in hand, he had but given loose to a sudden, passionate, corporal

animosity; and when he received the stroke that tore him, he probably but

felt the agonizing bodily laceration, but nothing more.  Yet, when by this

collision forced to turn towards home, and for long months of days and weeks,

ahab and anguish lay stretched together in one hammock, rounding in mid

winter that dreary, howling Patagonian Cape; then it was, that his torn body

and gashed soul bled into one another; and so interfusing, made him mad.

That it was only then, on the homeward voyage, after the encounter, that the

final monomania seized him, seems all but certain from the fact that, at

intervals during the passage, he was a raving lunatic; and, though unlimbed

of a leg, yet such vital strength yet lurked in his Egyptian chest, and was

moreover intensified by his delirium, that his mates were forced to lace him

fast, even there, as he sailed, raving in his hammock.  In a strait-jacket,

he swung to the mad rockings of the gales.  And, when running into more

sufferable latitudes, the ship, with mild stun'sails spread, floated across

the tranquil tropics, and, to all appearances, the old man's delirium seemed

left behind him with the Cape Horn swells, and he came forth from his dark

den into the blessed light and air; even then, when he bore that firm,

collected front, however pale, and issued his calm orders once again; and

his mates thanked God the direful madness was now gone; even then, Ahab, in

his hidden self, raved on.  Human madness is oftentimes a cunning and most

feline thing.  When you think it fled, it may have but become transfigured

into some still subtler form.  Ahab's full lunacy subsided not, but

deepeningly contracted; like the unabated Hudson, when that noble Northman

flows narrowly, but unfathomably through the Highland gorge.  But, as in his

narrow-flowing monomania, not one jot of Ahab's broad madness had been left

behind; so in that broad madness, not one jot of his great natural intellect

had perished.  That before living agent, now became the living instrument.  If

such a furious trope may stand, his special lunacy

.. <p 183 >

stormed his general sanity, and carried it, and turned all its concentred

cannon upon its own mad mark; so that far from having lost his strength,

Ahab, to that one end, did now possess a thousand fold more potency than ever

he had sanely brought to bear upon any one reasonable object.  This is much;

yet Ahab's larger, darker, deeper part remains unhinted.  But vain to

popularize profundities, and all truth is profound.  Winding far down from

within the very heart of this spiked Hotel de Cluny where we here stand

--however grand and wonderful, now quit it; --and take your way, ye nobler,

sadder souls, to those vast Roman halls of Thermes; where far beneath the

fantastic towers of man's upper earth, his root of grandeur, his whole awful

essence sits in bearded state; an antique buried beneath antiquities, and

throned on torsoes!  So with a broken throne, the great gods mock that

captive king; so like a Caryatid, he patient sits, upholding on his frozen

brow the piled entablatures of ages.  Wind ye down there, ye prouder, sadder

souls!  question that proud, sad king!  A family likeness!  aye, he did beget

ye, ye young exiled royalties; and from your grim sire only will the old

State-secret come.  Now, in his heart, Ahab had some glimpse of this, namely:

all my means are sane, my motive and my object mad.  Yet without power to

kill, or change, or shun the fact; he likewise knew that to mankind he did

now long dissemble; in some sort, did still.  But that thing of his

dissembling was only subject to his perceptibility, not to his will

determinate.  Nevertheless, so well did he succeed in that dissembling, that

when with ivory leg he stepped ashore at last, no Nantucketer thought him

otherwise than but naturally grieved, and that to the quick, with the

terrible casualty which had overtaken him.  The report of his undeniable

delirium at sea was likewise popularly ascribed to a kindred cause.  And so

too, all the added moodiness which always afterwards, to the very day of

sailing in the pequod on the present voyage, sat brooding on his brow.  Nor is

it so very unlikely, that far from distrusting his fitness for another whaling

voyage, on account of such dark symptoms, the calculating people of that

prudent isle were inclined to

.. <p 184 >

harbor the conceit, that for those very reasons he was all the better

qualified and set on edge, for a pursuit so full of rage and wildness as the

bloody hunt of whales.  Gnawed within and scorched without, with the infixed,

unrelenting fangs of some incurable idea; such an one, could he be found,

would seem the very man to dart his iron and lift his lance against the most

appalling of all brutes.  Or, if for any reason thought to be corporeally

incapacitated for that, yet such an one would seem superlatively competent to

cheer and howl on his underlings to the attack.  But be all this as it may,

certain it is, that with the mad secret of his unabated rage bolted up and

keyed in him, Ahab had purposely sailed upon the present voyage with the

one only and all-engrossing object of hunting the White Whale.  Had any one of

his old acquaintances on shore but half dreamed of what was lurking in him

then, how soon would their aghast and righteous souls have wrenched the ship

from such a fiendish man!  They were bent on profitable cruises, the profit

to be counted down in dollars from the mint.  He was intent on an audacious,

immitigable, and supernatural revenge.  Here, then, was this grey-headed,

ungodly old man, chasing with curses a Job's whale round the world, at the

head of a crew, too, chiefly made up of mongrel renegades, and castaways, and

cannibals --morally enfeebled also, by the incompetence of mere unaided virtue

or right-mindedness in Starbuck, the invulnerable jollity of indifference

and recklessness in Stubb, and the pervading mediocrity in Flask.  Such a

crew, so officered, seemed specially picked and packed by some infernal

fatality to help him to his monomaniac revenge.  How it was that they so

aboundingly responded to the old man's ire --by what evil magic their souls

were possessed, that at times his hate seemed almost theirs; the White Whale

as much their insufferable foe as his; how all this came to be --what the

White Whale was to them, or how to their unconscious understandings, also, in

some dim, unsuspected way, he might have seemed the gliding great demon of

the seas of life, --all this to explain, would be to dive deeper than Ishmael

can go.  The subterranean miner that works in us all, how can one tell

whither leads his shaft by the ever shifting, muffled sound of his pick?  Who

does not feel the

.. <p 185 >

irresistible arm drag?  What skiff in tow of a seventy-four can stand still?

For one, I gave myself up to the abandonment of the time and the place; but

while yet all a-rush to encounter the whale, could see naught in that brute

but the deadliest ill.

.. <p 185 >